站長資訊網一、實驗環境
操作系統：CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 網卡地址：192.168.100.147/24 光盤鏡像：CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso 安裝工具：kickstart + dhcp + tftp + ftp
二、準備工作
2.1 關閉防火墻
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop iptables [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
2.2 關閉selinux
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# getenforce Permissive
三、原理和流程圖
四、DHCP服務安裝及配置
4.1 安裝dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp -y
4.2 配置dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; log-facility local7; subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.100.2; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.2; option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time range dynamic-bootp 192.168.100.60 192.168.100.100; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server 192.168.100.147; filename "pxelinux.0"; }
4.3 啟動dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
4.4 dhcp服務測試
[root@localhost ~]# ss -nulp | grep dhcpd UNCONN 0 0 *:67 *:* users:(("dhcpd",pid=8769,fd=7)) UNCONN 0 0 *:7773 *:* users:(("dhcpd",pid=8769,fd=20)) UNCONN 0 0 :::55406 :::* users:(("dhcpd",pid=8769,fd=21))
五、ftp服務安裝及配置
5.1 安裝vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
5.2 配置vsftpd
使用默認配置即可
5.3 掛載系統盤
系統安裝盤掛載到/var/ftp/pub目錄下，不要掛載到其它地方，因為/var/ftp是anonymous匿名用戶的家目錄
如果是光驅，可以這樣掛
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/pub mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
如果是光盤鏡像，可以這樣掛
[root@localhost ~]# mount /opt/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso /var/ftp/pub -o loop mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
查看光盤內容
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/ftp/pub CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
5.4 啟動vsftpd服務
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
5.5 ftp服務器測試
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.100.147 Connected to 192.168.100.147 (192.168.100.147). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.100.147:root): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,100,147,113,88). 150 Here comes the directory listing. -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 1068 Aug 09 08:56 ks.cfg dr-xr-xr-x 8 0 0 2048 Dec 09 2015 pub 226 Directory send OK. ftp> get ks.cfg #第一次搭建可能不成功，繼續下面的操作就好 local: ks.cfg remote: ks.cfg 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,100,147,126,155). 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for ks.cfg (1068 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. 1068 bytes received in 6.8e-05 secs (15705.88 Kbytes/sec) ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg ks.cfg
成功拿到ks.cfg則表示ftp服務正常
5.6 設置開機自啟動（可選）
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
六、tftp服務安裝及配置
6.1 安裝tftp和xinetd服務
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y xinetd [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y tftp-server tftp syslinux-tftpboot
6.2 配置xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp service tftp { socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot #默認disable是yes的，把它改為no即可 disable = no per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 }
6.3 配置tftp-server
[root@localhost ~]# cp /var/ftp/pub/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/ [root@localhost ~]# cp /var/ftp/pub/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg [root@localhost ~]# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default default linux prompt 1 timeout 60 display boot.msg label linux kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img text ks=ftp://192.168.100.147/ks.cfg
6.4 配置kickstart
以~/anaconda-ks.cfg為模板，再做一些適當的修改
[root@localhost ~]# cp ~/anaconda-ks.cfg /var/ftp/ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# vi /var/ftp/ks.cfg #version=DEVEL # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url=ftp://192.168.100.147/pub # Use graphical install graphical # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable # Keyboard layouts keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' # System language lang en_US.UTF-8 --addsupport=zh_CN.UTF-8 # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777736 --onboot=yes --ipv6=auto network --hostname=localhost.localdomain # Root password # root密碼是: rootroot rootpw --iscrypted $6$7gdZF8XhDef10LyT$2uRiP4qFYaBBTgpggKU/BXKgMDJLWN/BriXXgBwyzkjaz9G9YP/xD08I1OJfgBcPMoURsE5inVIoX.J6aERmR0 # System services services --disabled="chronyd" # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda autopart --type=lvm # Partition clearing information clearpart --none --initlabel %packages @^minimal @core %end %addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb='auto' %end
修改訪問權限
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/ftp/ks.cfg -rw-------. 1 root root 1083 Aug 8 16:39 /var/ftp/ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# chmod +r /var/ftp/ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# ll /var/ftp/ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1083 Aug 8 16:39 /var/ftp/ks.cfg
6.5 啟動tftp服務
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start xinetd
6.6 測試tftp服務
[root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# tftp 192.168.100.147 tftp> get vmlinuz tftp> quit [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg ks.cfg vmlinuz
如果能成功拿到vmlinuz文件，則表示tftp服務器狀態正常
6.7 設置開機自啟動（可選）
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable xinetd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/xinetd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/xinetd.service.
七、啟動安裝
到這里已經配置完成了。
系統安裝前，需要設置BIOS從網卡啟動，安裝完后馬上改回去
八、注意事項
注意dhcp沖突 注意權限 注意防火墻 注意selinux
