在Mac下進行MySQL環境搭建的兩種方法

Mac 下安裝 MySQL 還是很方便的, 總結來看有2個方法。

方法一：用dmg鏡像安裝

1、安裝

官網下載好 MySQL Mac 版安裝包，常規步驟安裝，安裝過程中會出現如下提示：

2019-03-24T18:27:31.043133Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: TdfRm19!o0Xi

其中TdfRm19!o0Xi是初始密碼，最好先記??！

2、登陸

在終端命令行 登陸mysql:

$ mysql -u root -p # 輸入上述密碼即可

如果這一步提示: bash: mysql: command not found, 執行下面2個命令做個軟連接即可：

cd /usr/local/bin ln -fs /usr/local/mysql-8.0.11-macos10.13-x86_64/bin/mysql mysql

3、修改密碼

在 MySQL8.0.4 以前，執行 SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('新密碼') 即可。但新版本不能這樣改了，因為密碼認證變了。具體步驟可以參考 https://blog.csdn.net/yi247630676/article/details/80352655。

方法二：用 Homebrew 進行安裝

總所周知，Mac 可以利用 homebrew 進行安裝管理，十分方便，如果沒有安裝 homebrew, 可以點擊 https://brew.sh/ 安裝。

下面是 mysql 的安裝方式

$ brew install mysql   # 安裝指定版本： brew install mysql@1.1.1

接下來只要等待就可以了，出現下面文字后我們已經很清楚我們需要做什么了：

==> mysql We've installed your MySQL database without a root password. To secure it run:     mysql_secure_installation  MySQL is configured to only allow connections from localhost by default  To connect run:     mysql -u root  To have launchd start mysql now and restart at login:   brew services start mysql Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:   mysql.server start

按說明繼續執行，進行初始化操作：

$ myysql_secure_installation

初始化過程中會有很多問題，以下是具體問題部分，以注釋為解釋：

Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?  Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y   ## 回復y 需要密碼8位以上，回復n 則不做限制  The password validation component is not available. Proceeding with the further steps without the component. Please set the password for root here.  New password:   ## 設置你的密碼  Re-enter new password:   ## 再次輸入你的密碼  By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment.  Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y    ## 是否移除匿名用戶。考慮安全我選了y Success.   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.  Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   ## 是否允許遠程連mysql 的 root。我用做本地調試，不是遠程服務器，所以y了 Success.  By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y      ## 是否y了刪除test數據庫，我選了y  - Dropping test database... Success.   - Removing privileges on test database... Success.  Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately.  Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y      ## 選y, 重新加載權限列表 Success.  All done!

到此配置就結束了，下面我們啟動 mysql 即可，記住以下命令：

$ mysql -u root -p   ## 登陸 mysql $ brew services start mysql@5.7   ## 啟動 mysql $ brew services stop mysql@5.7   ## 停止 mysql $ mysql.server start   ## 啟動 mysql(無后臺服務)